Three new species of saddled loricariid catfishes, and a review of Hemiancistrus, Peckoltia, and allied genera (Siluriformes)

Three new species of saddled hypostomine loricariids are described. According to a recent phylogenetic analysis, these species are members of the genus Peckoltia. The species differ from all described Peckoltia except Peckoltiafurcata and Peckoltiasabaji by having the dentaries meet at an angle greater than 90°. The species also have similarities to Hemiancistrus, and can be separated from all described species by having dorsal saddles. We discuss the taxonomy of Peckoltia, Hemiancistrus, and allied genera and recognize Ancistomus as valid for Peckoltiafeldbergae, Hemiancistrusmicrommatos, Ancistrussnethlageae, Hemiancistrusspilomma, and Hemiancistrusspinosissimus. We recommend descriptions of genera for several clades of Hemiancistrus and restriction of Hemiancistrus to the type species of the genus, Hemiancistrusmedians. Chaetostomusmacrops is transferred to Pseudancistrus and recognized as a junior synonym of Pseudancistrusmegacephalus. The Hemiancistrusannectens group of species (Hemiancistrusannectens, Hemiancistrusargus, Hypostomusaspidolepis, Hemiancistrusfugleri, Hemiancistrusholostictus, Hemiancistrusmaracaiboensis, Hemiancistruspanamensis, Hemiancistruswilsoni) are recognized in Hypostomus. Multivariate analysis reveals that the newly described species differ from one another in shape space, but overlap broadly with other Peckoltia (Peckoltialujani), narrowly with other Peckoltia (Peckoltiagreedoi), or broadly with Etsaputu (Peckoltiaephippiata).